Decoding DUI Field Sobriety Tests in California:
A Comprehensive Guide

Driving under the influence (DUI) is a serious offense in California, with severe consequences that can affect a person’s life for years.

According to the California Department of Motor Vehicles, in 2020, there were 15,565 alcohol-related collisions, resulting in 10,684 injuries and 937 deaths.

Law enforcement officers use field sobriety tests to curb drunk driving to determine if a driver is impaired.

However, these tests are not foolproof and can often lead to false arrests. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the details of DUI field sobriety tests in California and help you understand your rights if you ever find yourself in this situation.

What is a DUI Field Sobriety Test?

A DUI field sobriety test is a series of physical and cognitive tests that law enforcement officers use to assess a driver’s level of impairment.

These tests are typically administered at the scene of a traffic stop or a checkpoint to determine if a driver is under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

Field sobriety tests often include walking in a straight line, standing on one leg, and following an object with the eyes.

The results of these tests can be used as evidence in court to support a DUI charge. However, it’s important to note that these tests are not always accurate, and other factors, such as fatigue, medical conditions, and nervousness, can affect a driver’s performance.

Importance Of Understanding FSTS In California,

Understanding California’s Fair Scheduling and Transparent Scheduling (FSTS) law is paramount for employers and employees.

This law aims to promote fairness and transparency in scheduling practices for hourly workers, especially those in the retail and fast-food industries.

Understanding FSTS can help employers avoid legal repercussions and fines for noncompliance. Compliance with FSTS regulations can also help improve employee retention and morale, as workers are more likely to feel valued and respected when their schedules are predictable and transparent.

This test also helps employees assert their rights to fair and transparent scheduling practices. This can lead to better work-life balance, increased job satisfaction, and improved financial stability.

Moreover, FSTS can have broader societal benefits, such as reducing income inequality and improving health outcomes. Workers with more predictable schedules can better plan for and meet their financial obligations, reducing financial stress and its negative impact on health.

Understanding and complying with FSTS regulations is essential for creating a more equitable and just workplace in California.

Types Of Field Sobriety Tests

Field Sobriety Tests (FSTs) are physical and cognitive tests that law enforcement officers use to detect signs of alcohol or drug impairment in drivers.

FSTs are typically administered during a DUI investigation and can be used as evidence in court. There are two types of FSTs – standardized and non-standardized.

Standardized FSTs

Standardized FSTs have been validated through scientific research and have specific procedures and scoring criteria.

They are considered to be more reliable indicators of impairment than non-standardized FSTs. The three FSTs recognized by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are:

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test

This test involves observing the driver’s eye movements while tracking a slowly moving object, such as a pen or flashlight. Nystagmus refers to involuntary eye jerking that occurs when a person is impaired.

Walk And Turn Test

In this test, the driver takes nine steps along a straight line, turns, and takes nine steps back. The officer will look for clues of impairment, such as the driver’s ability to maintain balance and follow instructions.

One-Leg Stand Test

OLS requires the driver to stand on one foot and count aloud for a designated period. The officer will look for clues of impairment, such as swaying, hopping, or using arms for balance.

Non-Standardized FSTs

Non-standardized FSTs lack scientific validation and can vary in their administration and interpretation.

They are generally considered less reliable indicators of impairment than standardized FSTs. Some examples of non-standardized FSTs include:

Finger-To-Nose Test

This test involves the driver touching their nose with their fingertip while keeping their eyes closed.

Alphabet Recitation Test

The alphabet test requires the driver to recite the alphabet from A to Z.

Finger Count Test

This test involves the driver counting their fingers, usually by touching each finger with their thumb.

Differences Between Standardized and Non-Standardized FSTs

Standardized FSTs	Non-Standardized FSTs
Validated through research	Lack of scientific validation
Specific procedures and scoring criteria	Procedures. Interpretation can vary
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Test, Walk, and Turn (WAT) Test, One-Leg Stand (OLS) Test	Finger-to-Nose Test, Alphabet Recitation Test, and Finger Count Test

Which Tests Are Used in California?

In California, law enforcement officers prefer to use breath and blood tests to determine blood alcohol content (BAC) levels in suspected DUI cases. However, FSTs can be used as additional evidence to support a DUI arrest.

Purpose And Procedure of FSTs

FSTs are designed to assess a driver’s physical and cognitive abilities and to detect signs of impairment, such as poor balance, lack of coordination, and slowed reaction times.

Buy how they are administered.

A law enforcement officer typically administers FSTs during a DUI investigation. The officer will explain the test and demonstrate the proper procedure before asking the driver to perform the test.

The driver will be given specific instructions and asked to perform the test while the officer observes and scores their performance.

What Factors Can Affect FST Performance?

Various factors can affect the results of FSTs, including the individual’s physical condition, age, weight, and medical history.

Environmental factors, such as poor lighting or uneven surfaces, can also affect performance.

Furthermore, certain medical conditions or medications can affect FST performance.

Common Mistakes Made by Drivers During FSTs

While FSTs tests can be beneficial in determining impairment, they are not always accurate. Many drivers make common mistakes during FSTs that can result in an incorrect DUI charge. Knowing how to recognize and avoid these pitfalls could help drivers reduce the chance of being wrongly charged.

Starting the Test Too Soon

One of drivers’ most common mistakes during FSTs is starting the test too soon. FSTs require specific instructions, and drivers who begin the test before being instructed to do so may be misinterpreted as being impaired.

Lack of Balance

Another common mistake drivers make during FSTs is lack of balance. Many FSTs require drivers to maintain balance, and those who struggle with balance may be falsely accused of being under the influence.

Using Arms for Balance

During the One-Leg Stand test, some drivers use their arms for balance, which can lead to a false accusation of impairment.

Incorrect Foot Placement

During the Walk and Turn test, some drivers may not touch heel-to-toe, which can be misinterpreted as a sign of impairment.

Validity And Reliability Of (FSTs)

Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. In the case of FSTs, the tests are supposed to measure a driver’s level of impairment due to alcohol or drugs.

The reliability of a test refers to the consistency of the test results. In other words, if a test is reliable, it should produce the same result every time it is administered to the same individual under the same conditions.

The validity and reliability of FSTs have been the subject of much scientific research, as well as criticism and legal challenges. Let’s look at the scientific base of these tests first;

Scientific Research on FST Validity and Reliability

The scientific research on the validity and reliability of FSTs has yielded mixed results. Some studies have suggested that FSTs are reliable indicators of impairment, while others have suggested that they are not.

For example, a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) study found that the three standard FSTs accurately predict impairment.

However, other studies have suggested that FSTs are unreliable indicators of impairment and can be affected by factors such as age, physical condition, and fatigue.

Criticisms And Limitations of FSTs

There are several criticisms and limitations of FSTs. One of the main criticisms is that the tests are subjective and rely heavily on the officer’s judgment.

The officer administering the test is responsible for interpreting the results and determining whether the driver is impaired. This can lead to inconsistencies in the results, as different officers may interpret the results differently.

Another criticism is that FSTs are affected by various external factors, such as the weather, the surface on which the test is administered, and the lighting conditions. These external factors can make it difficult to obtain reliable and accurate results.

FSTs have limitations regarding the types of drugs they can detect. The tests are primarily designed to detect alcohol impairment and are less reliable in detecting impairment due to drugs. This is particularly relevant given the rise of drug-impaired driving.

Legal Challenges to FST Results

FST results are often used as evidence in DUI cases, and as such, they are subject to legal challenges.

One common challenge is to question the validity and reliability of the tests themselves. This can involve challenging the way the tests were administered or questioning the qualifications and experience of the officer administering the tests.

Another challenge we must mention here is to question the accuracy of the results based on external factors that may have affected the tests.

For example, if the tests were administered on an uneven or slippery surface, this could have affected the driver’s ability to perform the tests, leading to inaccurate results.

How Can A Dui Defense Attorney Challenge FST Results In Court?

A DUI defense attorney can challenge the results of FSTs (Field Sobriety Tests) in court. To do so, they may independently evaluate the tests and results, review the officer’s training and experience administering the tests, and question their qualifications.

• The defense attorney may also challenge the admissibility of FST evidence if there are any issues with how the tests were administered or interpreted by the officer.
• If successfully challenging admissibility, this could weaken the prosecution’s case and result in a reduction or dismissal of charges.
• An expert witness may also be called upon to testify about any limitations or weaknesses associated with FSTs and their results.

Consequences Of Failing FSTs In California

Failing a Field Sobriety Test, or FST, in California can lead to serious consequences – from having your license suspended to being charged with Driving Under the Influence (DUI). The results of an FST can be used as evidence against a driver in court.

The following explains what happens when one fails an FST and outlines possible defenses against the test results:

What Happens If a Driver Fails a FST?

If drivers fail an FST in California, they may be subjected to certain punitive measures depending on their situation. These may include:

• Having their license immediately suspended
• Being charged with DUI
• Requiring an IID (Ignition Interlock Device) installed in their vehicle if they are convicted of DUI
• Being sentenced to jail time for DUI conviction
• Having points added onto their driving record.
• Higher insurance premiums.

How Do FST Results Affect A Driver’s Dui Case In California?

In California, failing an FST can have significant repercussions for drivers accused of DUI. Positive results from the test indicate enough reasonable suspicion for the officer to proceed with an arrest.

Furthermore, since tests such as the Walk & Turn and One Leg Stand rely heavily on visual observation rather than objective data, it’s often easy for prosecutors to use them as evidence for a conviction.

Therefore, if you fail any part of your field sobriety test, you must speak with an experienced lawyer who can help you build your defense against these charges.

Possible Defenses Against Field Sobriety Test Results

Though field sobriety test results can be used as evidence against drivers in court proceedings, several valid defenses can be employed to challenge these results. The most common defenses include:

1. Improper Administration of the Tests
2. Physical or Medical Conditions
3. Environmental Factors
4. Lack of Probable Cause
5. Officer Bias

How To Prepare for FSTs In California?

You must always be prepared to take an FST in California. Here are some tips for drivers in California who want to avoid failing field sobriety tests (FSTs):

1. Practice the tests before you take them. Many police departments offer practice FSTs, so take advantage of this opportunity.
2. Make sure you are well-rested and sober before taking the test. Fatigue and alcohol can both make it more difficult to perform well on FSTs.
3. Pay attention to the officer’s instructions. People often fail FSTs simply because they do not understand or follow the instructions properly.
4. Try to stay calm and relaxed during the test. Being nervous can make it harder to concentrate and make you more likely to make mistakes.
5. If unsure how to perform a particular test, ask the officer for clarification. It is better to ask for help than to guess and potentially fail the test.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What Happens If I Refuse To Take FSTs In California?

If you refuse to take a field sobriety test (FST) in California, it is considered a refusal and can be used against you in court if your case goes to trial. The consequences for refusing an FST can include suspension of your driver’s license for up to one year and potential fines and other penalties.

Can I Challenge The Results Of FSTs In Court?

Yes, the results of FSTs can be challenged in court. However, since FSTs are highly subjective tests that rely on the judgment of police officers, challenging the results may be difficult.

Can I Still Be Convicted Of A Dui If I Pass FSTs?

Yes, even if you pass field sobriety tests during a DUI stop, you can still be convicted of a DUI depending on other evidence, such as blood alcohol concentration or urine tests.

How Can I Avoid Failing FSTs During A Dui Stop?

Not drinking and driving is the best way to avoid failing field sobriety tests during a DUI stop.

Do I Need A Dui Defense Attorney To Challenge FST Results?

Yes, an experienced drunk driving defense attorney will have extensive knowledge about California’s different field sobriety tests and how best to challenge them in court if necessary.

What Are The Penalties For A Dui Conviction In California?

The penalties for a DUI conviction in California include jail time; mandatory participation in an alcohol or drug treatment program; license suspension; fines; installation of an ignition interlock device; and potential immigration consequences for non-citizens.

Contact Jose Velasquez If You are Facing a DUI Eviction

Understanding DUI field sobriety tests in California is crucial for drivers and their rights. While these tests are designed to detect impairment, they are not foolproof and can often lead to false arrests.

Drivers who fail FSTs can face severe consequences, including license suspension, fines, and even jail time. However, there are valid defenses against FST results, and experienced DUI defense attorneys can challenge the tests in court.

Jose Velasquez is an experienced DUI defense attorney in California who can help drivers facing DUI charges and potential eviction.

We have a deep understanding of DUI laws and procedures, and we work tirelessly to protect our client’s rights and interests.

Please contact us if you or someone you know is facing DUI charges and potential eviction. We can provide comprehensive and personalized legal representation to help you fight your case and achieve the best possible outcome! Contact us today at 831-424-5680 and get a free case review.